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Cut Weld
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Any discussion about famous artists, blacksmith or otherwise, is bound to generate controversy. Art is the emotional equivalent of thought where the artist uses his medium to convey not just an image, idea or concept but also a feeling seen from his perspective. A work of art that appeals to one person will seem to be nothing more than junk to another. This is even truer in the case of metal art. Having said this, here are the names of a few famous artist blacksmiths whose work is worth looking at. This is not an exhaustive list and may not contain the names of many well reputed blacksmith artists.
· Joseph Ferris began shaping metal and creating art work at the age of 13. His talent was immediately recognized and he refined this raw talent during his years at Western Michigan University where he studied drawing and industrial design. He has received many awards and wide acclamation for his work and has been commissioned to create both metal sculptures and furniture for art galleries, private collection and corporate environments. His specialty is metal wall art, metal wall clocks and metal wall sculptures.
· LisBeth Graham spent most of her adult life in the world of advertising. But she gave it up and about 15 years ago returned to her first passion, art. She has studied art, fine art and has been a creativity coach for many years. Her preferred mediums are metal, clay and stone and her work includes metal vessels, installations and sculpture.
· Jeff Owen specializes in steel sculpture. His unique work stem from the fact that he never plans in advance. With an idea in his head and a piece of steel to work with, he allows his imagination to take control and shape, cut and weld the metal until what was in his mind becomes a three dimensional work of art. Once he starts a project, she works continuously and exclusively on it until it is finished.
· Travis Tuck began his career as a blacksmith artist in 1974 when he created a weathervane as a prop of the movie jaws. His association with the film world continued and in 1996 Steven Spielberg commissioned a 4 foot high copper sculpture of a dinosaur for his home. In 2002 Travis joined his old friend and collaborator Antony Holland to set up Tuck and Holland Sculptures. Travis passed away in later that same year but the studio he founded carried on with the same type of realistic outdoor metal sculpture that Travis was so famous for.
· Stephen Kishel learned about art from his father who was a high school art teacher. After graduating form from the Ohio Institute of Technology he started working in the plastics industry where he remained for many years but about 5 years ago he gave it all up to concentrate on his metal art work. Stephen creates expressionistic works of metal sculpture by shaping and welding metal. His works ranges from table top pieces to large works for public places and corporate offices.
Go to Blacksmith Zone to get your free ebook on Blacksmithing at Blacksmith. Blacksmith Zone also has Blacksmith Information, and forums and blogs all about Blacksmithing. Visit Blacksmith Zone today to sign up for free and get your free ebook on Blacksmithing.
Arc Welding
Course Programme (2-5 days):
Gas safety
Basic principles
Selection of nozzles
Gas pressures
Welding various joint types in position Oxy-Gas Welding
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Description of the Process
Oxy-Acetylene welding relies on the heat of a flame to melt the material being welded. Fusion can either be autogenous or with the addition of a filler material.
Safety
The high flame temperature required for oxy-fuel welding and cutting processes is obtained by combining oxygen with a fuel gas to produce flame temperatures of approximately 2500°C to 3000°C. There are certain precautions to be taken when using gases and these are described below:-
Fig.1 OXYGEN (black, right hand thread) should be handled carefully and must not be stored in warm areas. The pressure of oxygen in cylinders when full is 2500lbs.per square inch (200 bar) at normal temperature and any rise in surrounding temperature will cause an increase in cylinder pressure above 2500lbs.Oil or grease should never be allowed to come into contact with oxygen cylinders as an inflammable mixture will be formed, which may ignite spontaneously.
Fig. 2 ACETYLENE (maroon, left hand thread) should be stored in a separate fuel compound as acetylene and air form an explosive mixture, these cylinders should also be chained when either in use or in storage. No alloy containing more than 70% copper should be used on any part of the equipment as a highly explosive compound is formed. Cylinders must always be stored upright and away from high temperatures.
Fig 3. PROPANE (red, left hand thread). Storage as for acetylene, a fuel gas. Highly inflammable and can form explosive mixtures with air or oxygen (2% to 10%). With propane being heavier than air it can flow easily in still air some considerable distances therefore care must be exercised when using this gas.
Equipment
Pressure Regulators
Regulators should always be treated as delicate, precision instruments and must not be subject to sudden pressures or knocks. Not only are regulators identified by colour, they also have right hand or left hand threads depending on the type of gas being used. The type of thread can be identified by a notch cut on the equipment connections, showing the gas to be a fuel gas.
Single or multi stage regulators are available depending on working conditions. Single stage are suitable for welding with maximum outlet pressure of 2.1 bar, or scrap and heavy duty cutting with pressures of 8.3 to 14 bar.
Multi stage reduces pressure twice, giving a more stable output pressure, suitable for quality welding and cutting applications.
Blowpipes
Various types available, low pressure and high pressure, high pressure where gas is mixed in either the head or the shank, while a low pressure blowpipe with an injector mixing can be used with low pressure. Cutting torches must be kept clean and free from oil, grease etc. and periodically inspected for wear and damage.
Gas Hose
Should be maintained in good condition at all times and fitted with the proper connections. Most hoses are fitted with hose check valves to prevent damage to the regulators.
Flashback Arrestors
These are safety devices on the outlet of the oxygen and fuel gas regulators. A highly sensitive cut off mechanism operates at the slightest back pressure, whether the pressure wave is slow or sudden. An effective non-return valve, which also prevents flashback.
Oxy-Acetylene Welding Techniques
There are two techniques used to weld flat joints:
Leftward Welding
This method is used on low carbon steel sheet and plate in thicknesses up to 5 mm and also on cast iron and certain non-ferrous metals. As the name implies, the weld is started at the right hand side and progresses towards the left. The filler rod precedes the blowpipe and is held at an angle of 30° - 40° to the work surface. The blowpipe is held at an angle of 60° - 70° to the work surface and is given a slight side to side movement to ensure side fusion as the filler rod is fed into the molten pool.
Fig. 4
Rightward Welding
This method is used on steel plate over 5 mm thick. The weld is started at the left hand side of the joint and progresses towards the right. The blowpipe is held at an angle of 40° - 50° to the work surface and travels in a straight line. The filler rod, which is held at an angle of 30° - 40° to the work surface, follows the blowpipe and is fed into the molten pool with a circular action. A considerable amount of practice is required to perfect this technique.
The advantages of rightward welding over the leftward technique are higher speed, less distortion and more economical use of gas and filler rod. This is due to the fact that thicknesses up to and including 8 mm need not be bevelled and for butt joints in plate over 8 mm the included angle of the vee preparation is only 60°.
Fig. 5
The Oxy-Acetylene Flame
The heat source for this process is a chemical reaction resulting from the combustion of acetylene with oxygen. This is an exothermic reaction in which equal volumes of acetylene and oxygen supplied by the blowpipe react to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen as products of the first stage of combustion. The reaction is as follows:-
Fig. 6 The Oxy-Acetylene flame
Theoretically, equal volumes of oxygen and acetylene are supplied to the blowpipe.
Chemical reactions are as follows:-
Stage 1
Acetylene + Oxygen = Carbon Monoxide + Hydrogen
C2H2 + O2 = 2CO + H2
Stage 2
Carbon Monoxide + Hydrogen + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
CO + H2 + O2 = CO2 + H2O
In Stage 2, the carbon monoxide burns and forms carbon dioxide, while the hydrogen which is formed from the action in Stage 1, combines with oxygen to form water. The combustion is therefore complete and carbon dioxide and water (turned to steam) are the chief products of combustion.
This produces a flame temperature of approximately 32000°C.
Oxy-Acetylene Flame Types
Neutral Flame
As the supply of oxygen to the blowpipe is further increased, the flame contracts and the white cone becomes clearly defined, assuming a definite rounded shape. At this stage approximately equal quantities of acetylene and oxygen are being used and combustion is complete, all the carbon supplied by the acetylene is being consumed and the maximum heat given out. The flame is now neutral, and this type of flame is the one most extensively used by the welder, who should make himself thoroughly familiar with its appearance and characteristics.
Carburising Flame
This is a flame in which an excess of acetylene is burning, i.e. combustion is incomplete and unconsumed carbon is present. When lighting the blowpipe the acetylene is turned on first and ignited, giving a very smoky yellow flame of abnormal size, showing two cones of flame in addition to an outer envelope; this is an exaggerated form of the carburising flame, but gives out comparatively little heat and is of little use for welding. When the oxygen is turned on and the supply is gradually increased, the flame, though still of abnormal size contracts towards the blowpipe tip where an inner white cone of great luminosity commences to make its appearance. If the increase in the supply of oxygen is stopped before the cone becomes clearly defined and while it is still an inch or so long, the result is a carburising flame which is mainly used for hard surfacing and should not be employed for welding steel as unconsumed carbon may be introduced into the weld and produce a hard, brittle, deposit.
Oxidising Flame
A further increase in the oxygen supply will produce an oxidising flame in which there is more oxygen than is required for complete combustion. The inner cone will become shorter and sharper, the flame will turn a deeper purple colour and emit a characteristic slight "hiss", while the molten metal will be less fluid and tranquil during welding and excessive sparking will occur. An oxidising flame is only used for special applications, and should never be used for welding.
Oxy-Fuel Gas Equipment Safety Test
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Copyright © 1997 Materials Engineering (UK) Ltd Tel/Fax: (+44) 01332 264452 or 263343
About the Author
A cut out piece for my exhaust , bad on the engine ? or just a noise maker ?
Eventually I am going to get a true dual set up with no muffler , but first i wanna just weld a cut out on b4 the muffler that way if i need to i can keep the sound down , my question is if i throw the cut out pipe in front of the muffler i won't have any problems will I ? because it will be after the cats but before the muffler and ...will it have any bad effects on the motor or just make it loud without any problems , I'll appreciate any imput , thanks
sounds good to me 
Turning Guns Into Roses
Equal parts art class, violence prevention, and job training, Guns to Roses is transforming young lives. Pouring molten steel into the barrel of a sawed off shotgun. Flattening a Glock nine mm with a welding hammer. Plucking triggers from handguns and using them to decorate steel roses. What could be more cathartic for a young man who watched his best friend die from gunshot wounds? Or a young ...
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