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Electrode Grinding
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Here are some more information for Electrode Grinding:
The electrical discharge machine (EDM) is a highly sophisticated machine tool that requires precision tooling in order to achieve it's full potential. Without the proper EDM supplies, the performance will greatly suffer.
It makes no sense at all to invest in a machine that could easily cost $200,000 and fail to buy the supporting equipment, such as precision tooling. The CNC EDM always includes an automatic tool changer, which enables the machine to operate unattended for days at a time. The tool changer requires specialized EDM tooling in order to even function.
To effectively use this feature, you simply have to have compatible tooling, such as System 3R or Erowa. These companies offer a complete line of electrode holders, pallets, magnetic chucks, indexing tools, rotating spindles, inspection tools, and just about anything associated with the electrical discharge machine.
Some EDM manufacturers, such as Makino, Charmilles-Agie, Sodick and Mitsubishi actually come with the tooling as part of the package. Usually you have a choice as to which you prefer, but not always. This is an important consideration when looking at different machine tools.
Perhaps you have a complete set of System 3R or Erowa tools on hand, make sure your new machine uses the same as you currently have. This type of tooling is quite expensive, which partially explains the reluctance of the accounting department to spend more money for something that could be viewed as unnecessary.
Other types of precision tooling that will be necessary include the drop indicator, granite surface plate, test indicator and a reliable surface gage. The Starrett Company, Hermann Schmidt, and Mitutoyo all have excellent products that meet this need.
The other supplies are more of a disposable nature. Several very important supplies are the dielectric fluid and filters. This fluid plays a critical role in the EDM process, and is often overlooked. The same applies to the dielectric filters. These filters need to be regularly changed in order for the machine to perform optimally.
The graphite and copper used to make the electrodes play a critical role in the process as well. If you use the wrong material, you simply will not get the results you expect. Choosing the right material takes some experimentation, but most companies have found Poco graphite and Toyo Tanso graphite to be extremely effective.
There are many good EDM jobs in the industry. Besides the obvious machine operator position, there are programmers who specialize in designing electrodes. Some of the popular programs are Cimatron and GibbsCam.
Some related EDM jobs are in the high speed milling area. Because most electrodes are now manufactured by the high speed mill, there is a demand for skilled operators/ programmers.
The wire EDM machine is closely related to the sinker, and very often this presents new opportunities for employment as well.
Because mistakes happen, the guy who is skilled at micro welding or laser welding is always the friend of the EDM department. Mold and die repair are also related jobs that are always in demand.
Randy Hough has a websiite: http://www.completeedm.com that talks about EDM machining.
Types of Fused Alumina
Fused alumina is a granular material used in abrasives and refractories manufacturing due to its characteristics such as low permeability, low porosity, high density & refractoriness. We get fused Alumina when Alumina is melted in electric arc furnaces by transmitting current between carbon electrodes.
Electric arc furnaces generate fused alumina in various forms, the most general are white (WFA) & brown (BFA) pink and black are the other forms available. Fused alumina melts approximately at 2,500°C and has a Mohs hardness of 9.
Blue Fused Alumina
Blue Fused Alumina makes up about two-thirds of the output, and perhaps one of the widely used abrasives. The electric arc furnace when charged with bauxite and additives we get increased BFA. It is made use of in a wide variety of applications chiefly in bonded abrasives, predominantly grinding wheels for high tensile materials, & coated abrasives like discs, belts, and paper for wood and metalworking.
China is the world’s largest producer sharing more than 50% of BFA production.BFA Grains when calcined before use increase hardness, set ceramic coatings that improve the surface roughness and raise the bond of the bonding media with the grain.
White Fused Alumina
White Fused Alumina consequently used in refractories are the purest & highest one in grade. WFA formed as a result of Bayer process alumina is a friable product. As BFA, WFA is also used for manufacturing coated products, grinding wheels (both resin bonded and vitrified). These grains are used also in shot blasting and polishing media; WFA of refractory grade is used as raw material for high alumina refractories
Pink & Red Fused Alumina
Addition of chromium oxide to WFA produces Pink and red fused aluminas, result increase in the toughness of the finished product.
Pink fused alumina has about 2% chromium oxide and has a Knoop hardness of 2,150 when evaluated with that of WFA, which is of 1,950. In order to increase toughness small quantity of titanium oxide is also added to it.
Medium dimension sharp or blocky grains of Pink fused alumina make it apt for precision tool room grinding of hard alloy steels and broad surface.
Red fused alumina has chromium oxide content of about 3% with small amount of calcium oxide ferrous oxide, sodium oxide, silicon oxide, and magnesium oxide. This fused alumina is tougher than pink grades. They too have friable grains, blocky and sharp edged.
To know more about fused alumina check here
http://www.cumi-murugappa.com/emd/products.html
About the Author
Can I use NFPA (NEC) 70, Ch2, Article 250.56 to support a recommendation to establish grounding maintenance?
Even though NFPA 70 (NEC) or the National Electric Safety Code do not identify any requirements for periodic testing of industrial grounding systems, they do point out that there must be 25 Ohm or less resistance to ground requirement per electrode. Would this be a valid argument to support a maintenance program for periodic industrial grounding system maintenance and testing?
no it does not apply
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