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Gal Biodiesel
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Here are some more information for Gal Biodiesel:
In a time when oil supplies are beginning to be depleted, the need to have alternate or renewable fuel sources is beginning to have an effect on the kinds of cars being offered for sale to the public. There are very few in the public today who have not heard the terms "biodiesel fuel" or "waste vegetable oil" in regards to renewable energy sources that are currently being researched to try and find answers to the shrinking supplies of petroleum-based fuels.
Technically speaking, waste vegetable oil is a biodiesel fuel because biodiesel fuels are any fuels that are derived from vegetable oils or animal fats that run a "diesel" or compression ignition engine. The term Biodiesel is currently used almost exclusively for the product made by combining chemically-reacting lipids like vegetable oil or animal tallow and alcohol.
One important difference between biodiesel and waste vegetable oil is that biodiesel is formulated to be used alone or with petrodiesal blends in "standard" diesel engines and is different from the new vegetable and waste oils which are used to power diesel engines that must be converted specifically to do so.
To produce biodiesel fuels, the oils must undergo a process known as "alcoholysis" (sometimes called "transesterification"). In this process vegetable oils have the fatty acids separated from the glycerol components using ethanol (and sometimes methanol) to replace the glycerol with specific types of alcohols known as short linear alcohols. In its purest form, biodiesel has the designation (B100) or it can be blended with petroleum diesel at any concentration for use in most modern diesel engines.
Because of the different solvent properties that biodiesel has versus petrodiesel, biodiesel will cause damage to natural rubber gaskets and hoses in vehicles made prior to 1992. For this reason, these parts in older cars must be replaced with a kind which is nonreactive to biodiesel.
An unexpected plus is that biodiesel has been known to break down and clear out deposits of residue left in fuel lines where petrodiesel has been used before. Fuel filters in the engine might become clogged with particulate matter as a result, especially if a quick switch to pure biodiesel is made. Mechanical experts recommend that the fuel filters on engines and heaters be changed not long after first switching to a biodiesel fuel blend.
Additional advantages to the use of biodiesel fuels include the fact that water will not mix with it; biodiesel has a higher boiling point and flash point of (less than 266 ° F for biodiesel as compared to 147 °F for petroleum-based diesel or -52 °F for gasoline. It has practically no sulfur content and is often used as an additive for Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel.
Waste vegetable oil (WVO), unlike pure plant oil (PPO) or straight vegetable oil (SVO) is a byproduct of other industries such as the deep fryers used in industrial potato processing plants, factories that produce snack foods and fast food restaurants. A majority of the enthusiasts who use it prefer to call the vegetable oil used for fuel as waste vegetable oil (WVO), particularly if it is the discarded oil recycled from a restaurant to better distinguish it from pure plant oil (PPO) or straight vegetable oil (SVO) commonly thought of as standard biodiesel
As of 2000, industry experts estimate that the United States was producing an amount in excess of 11 billion liters or 2.9 billion U.S. gallons. If this entire amount could be gathered up and used, it could be used to replace the equivalent amount of fossil-based petroleum, totaling almost 1% of the oil consumption in the US. The only theoretical drawback here is that the production of waste vegetable oil is limited by the amount that the industries can make as a byproduct versus pure or straight vegetable oil which is limited only by the farm production capacity of any given national economy.
Like the straight vegetable oil used as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, the viscosity of waste vegetable oil must be lowered so the proper atomization of fuel will prevent the incomplete combustion of the oil and the build-up of carbon that can ultimately damage the engine. Additionally, the free fatty acids (FFAs) found in WVO can have an adverse effect on metals. Copper and the alloys derived from it, like brass, are affected. Zinc and Metals like zinc, or those galvanized by zinc-plating are stripped by FFAs. In addition, tin, lead, iron, and steel are all susceptible, too. Stainless steel and aluminum are the only metals that seem to be immune to the effects of FFAs.
Ideally the engine on a car should be converted before using vegetable oil as a fuel. Most diesel car engines can use WVO, if fit with suitable modifications. One common solution is to reduce the viscosity and surface tension of the oil by preheating it, by the addition of a heat exchanger, and an additional fuel tank for "normal" diesel fuel (petrodiesel or biodiesel). It will contain valves to switch between this additional tank and the main tank which contains the vegetable oil. This tank and valve system is an aftermarket modification which costs around $1200 USD.
The engine is initially turned on with diesel, switched over to the vegetable oil when it is warmed up and changed back to diesel fuel shortly before turning it off to make sure that no vegetable oil remains in the engine or fuel lines so that it is read you start when it is cold again. For durability that is more long term, it has been discovered that it is best to increase the frequency of oil changes and to pay increased attention to engine maintenance, particularly when it comes to the fuel injectors, cooling system and glow plugs.
Although initially a little more expensive, as you can see, there are several advantages to using biodiesel or waste vegetable oil as fuels for vehicles. In addition to being a renewable resource, unlike fossil-based petroleum, these fuels also release fewer pollutants into the atmosphere which can worsen global warming.
Leon Griffin
Engineer Entrepreneur owns WVO Designs; a company helping people to convert vehicles to run on vegetable oil. In addition to providing a community forum to share designs; the company provides equipment for vehicle conversion, collection and processing of waste oils.
Check out http://www.wvodesigns.com/ and learn more about WVO
"World How do We Reduce Our Dependence on Fossil Fuels? Amazing Algae Biodiesel Production"
Algae Biodiesel Photo Bioreactors and Algae Harvesting
Bio Pioneers in green companies have developed algae biodiesel production and algae oil harvesting systems and equipment for growing algae and harvesting the algae in a very efficient manner for use in algae biofuels such as biodiesel from algae and algae ethanol.
Like other plants, algae stores energy in the form of lipids. Growing algae has potential for algae oil production due to its fast growth rate and the high oil content of some varieties. Some species of algae are so rich in algal oil that it accounts for over 50% of their mass, which means not counting the water, which is over 90% of the algae.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has identified approximately 300 species of algae, as varied as the diatoms (genera Amphora, Cymbella, Nitzschia) and green algae (genera Chlorella in particular) as potentially good sources of oil from algae. Diatoms, or Bacillariophytes, are unicellular, microscopic algae. These organisms are widespread in salt water where they constitute the largest portion of phytoplankton biomass. There exist approximately 100,000 known species around the world. More than 400 new specimens are described each year.
Properly engineered algae systems could produce annually between 2,000-20,000 gallons of biodiesel-worthy algae plant oil per acre. Algae biodiesel and algae ethanol stand as the great green hope of the clean biofuel revolution. For comparison, biodiesel produced from soybeans produces 50 gals/acre/yr. Biodiesel from palm oil yields 600 gals/acre/yr.
Some algae harvesting systems retail for $100,000 US dollars or more. Some algae systems can process one gallon of algae oil per minute from a fluid stream that is half algae/half water by mass & where half of the algae cell mass is oil.
Algae Biodiesel production and algae oil harvesting systems that work in a efficient manner (Use energy conservatively) for growing algae and harvesting algae into Algae biofuels will be the new and long lasting answer to our question of “World How do we reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.”
About the Author
Victor Garlington has been a long proponent of bio-fuels and produces bio-fuel for his own vehicles. He is currently helping others discover alternative fuels as a solution to high fuel prices. He can be contacted at victor@70centsagallon.com
http://www.70centsagallon.com/index.html
Vegetable oil to Biodiesel Rate?
Hey, does anyone know what the ratio of when you convert Vegetable oil to Biodiesel? Exp. 1 gal(V. oil) to 1/2 gal.(Bio des.)
1 gallon veggie will get about .95 gallons of biodiesel and .2 gallons glycerin and .05 gallons hazrdous waste. OH and you consume about .05 gallons in fuel heating and mixing the dangerouse chemicals you have to use.
good luck
Go Green — and have fun on May 1!
Wilton’s first Go Green Festival, to which neighboring townspeople are invited, comes as environmentalists mark the 40th anniversary of Earth Day, when the movement to protect and conserve the Earth began gathering steam.
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