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Kva Spot
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 Federal 15 KVA SPOT WELDER  US $1,600.00
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 Federal 15 KVA Spot Welder US $1,600.00
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 FEDERAL 15 KVA SPOT WELDER US $1,600.00
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 Taylor Winfield 20 KVA Spot Welder US $1,200.00
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 RECONDITIONED 35 KVA ACME SPOT WELDER L@@K!!! US $5,750.00
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 USED LORS SPOT WELDER 140APP 40KVA US $3,950.00
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 AMES SPOT WELDER 30 KVA SINGLE PHASE US $699.00
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 MILLER SPOT WELD WELDER SSW-2040ATT W/ CHILLER COOLER 20 KVA 440 VOLT 1 PHASE US $1,395.00
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 GENERAL ELECTRIC 58174 SPOT WELDER 90 KVA US $1,999.00
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 HANSON AP2W SPOT WELDER 5 KVA US $399.00
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 TAYLOR - WINFIELD 440 SPOT WELDER 100 KVA US $2,499.00
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 2006 AMADA MODEL ID-40ST 80 KVA SPOT WELDER w/TRANSFORMER - VERY LOW HOURS US $31,500.00
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 RECONDITIONED 50 KVA ACME SPOT WELDER L@@K!!! US $6,750.00
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 Joyal 71W-10KVA spot welder transformer welding resistance weld 10KVA 208 220VAC US $806.81
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 ACE 62 SPOT WELDER 5 KVA US $899.00
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 Federal 15 KVA Spot Welder US $1,950.00
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 PRECISION AVA-1 SPOT WELDER 50 KVA US $2,999.00
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 LORS 120AR SPOT WELDER 20 KVA US $2,499.00
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 WESTERN ARCTRONICS 30 KVA SPOT WELDER, 460V, 1 PHASE, US $1,995.00
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 Miller MPS-10AFT Resistance Spot Welder 230 VAC 10 KVA @ 50% Duty Cycle US $1,500.00
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 Sciaky Hoffman 75 KVA spot welder US $7,500.00
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 Taylor Winfield 30 KVA Spot Welder w/ sequence controls US $1,995.00 |
 15kva SPOT WELDER Larkin US $1,200.00
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 Hansen Spot Welder 15 KVA US $1,750.00
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 HOFFMAN 35KVA SPOT WELDER - 26" THROAT US $1,750.00
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 Rex Welder 40 KVA Spot Welder 8" Throat 3" Gap Water Cooled US $1,200.00
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 Taylor Windfield 20 KVA Spot Welder 8" Throat 3" Gap US $1,100.00
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 100 KVA Federal Press Type Projection Spot Welder, US $4,950.00
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 Sciaky 50 KVA 3-phase Press-Type Resistance Spot Welder US $10,000.00 |
 Banner P575 75 KVA Spot Welder US $1,500.00
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 WARREN 85 KVA MID-FREQUENCY INVERTER SPOT WELDER US $36,500.00
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 Taylor Winfield 50 KVA Spot Welder Price Reduced! US $1,450.00
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 WARREN 85 KVA MID-FREQ. SEAM / ROLL - SPOT WELDER !!! US $46,500.00
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 TAYLOR WINFIELD 50KVA TYPE N-18-5 SPOT WELDER / 18" X 8" THROAT SPOT WELDER US $5,950.00
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 55 kVA Taylor Winfield Spot Welder US $3,000.00
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 75 KVA ACME Spot Welder Rocker Arm 30" Throat US $3,450.00
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 200 KVA SCIAKY Spot Welder; 36” Throat, 440 v; 6.8 S.V. US $12,500.00
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 50 KVA Western Arctronics Rocker Arm Spot welder(21823) US $4,750.00
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 50 KVA Peer Spot Welder, No. P-500 (21295) US $6,250.00
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 20 KVA Larkin Spot Welder, No. 20-18TC (17019) US $1,250.00
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 50 kVA McCreery Press-Type Spot Welder US $3,450.00
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 55 kVA Taylor Winfield Spot Welder US $3,000.00
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 TAYLOR - WINFIELD ENE18100STY1AIR SPOT WELDER 100 KVA US $2,499.00
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 TAYLOR - WINFIELD ENC24100AIROPER SPOT WELDER 100 KVA US $2,499.00
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 FEDERAL SPOT / ROCKER ARM 100 KVA WELDER US $3,395.75
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 PRECISION 150 KVA LONGITUDINAL SEAM / ROLL - SPOT WELDER US $24,500.00
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 WESTERN ARCTRONICS 10 KVA SPOT WELDER 208 1 PHASE US $1,500.00
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Here are some more information for Kva Spot:
If there was a way to reduce your energy costs would you be interested? The following article describes some measure that you can take, assuming you have the time and inclination, to seriously reduce your energy bills, without reducing the service you receive.
When examining practical ways to reduce your costs, to ensure that they do not impact on your bottom line, there are 3 key factors to consider;
Procurement - Make sure you buy energy at the lowest possible price and avoid unnecessary costs
Management - Put in place the systems and resources to monitor and manage energy on an ongoing basis
Energy Conservation - Identify and implement energy conservation measures that can yield reliable savings with limited management time
On many occasions when an energy supplier knows who you are, they can use this prior knowledge to create an artificially high quote. It can be extremely useful to have an external company go tender on your behalf to preserve your anonymity.
How to reduce your bills
With escalating fuel costs, the only companies sure to benefit are the energy companies, who seem to increase their margin.
1. Look through the last 12 months of bills or get an ESB Cost-Consumption report (if ESB is your supplier). Charges vary depending on what tariff you are on, but the Maximum Demand tariffs are the most prone to unnecessary charges.
2. If you are incurring Wattless charges, then see if you have power factor correction capacitors at site: these devices are often installed at sites to eliminate wattless charges, but may need tuning. Talk to whoever is responsible for electrical maintenance to resolve.
3. See if you are incurring any Excess Capacity Charges. If you are, then you may be consuming more power at peak times than your connection agreement with the ESB allows. This generally occurs at sites that have increased their electricity use over the years. Talk to your electricity supplier to resolve.
4. Do you have a connection agreement that allows you to consume more power than you are ever likely to need? This won't be in the form of a penalty charge, but may result in your Capacity Charges being excessively high. To check, find your Maximum Import Capacity on your bill (expressed in kVA) and multiply it by 0.95.
5. Compare this number with your Maximum Demand (expressed in kW). The Maximum Demand should be a little lower, but not much lower. If in doubt, talk to your electricity supplier.
6. Check is if you are on the correct tariff: the most common thing here is if you are on a General Purpose (GP) tariff, when it would be more economical to be on a General Purpose Nightsaver tariff. There are slightly higher standing charges associated with the GP Nightsaver tariff, but these are offset by savings on power consumed at night. If you consume more than 10% of your electricity at night (e.g. lots of outside lighting, or considerable server room power), then maybe you should be on a GP Nightsaver tariff. If in doubt about your tariff, then talk to your electricity supplier.
7. Every year you should be seeking prices for electricity. Airtricity generally focus on smaller, General Purpose users (butcher, baker, candlestick maker). The other suppliers - Energia, Bord Gais, ESB Independent Energy, and CHPower - compete with ESB Public Electricity Supply for larger sites, generally on one of the Maximum Demand tariffs. It is important to make sure you are on the correct tariff before you procure electricity - you may think you are getting a great deal off your supplier, but they may be simply capitalising on the fact that you are on the incorrect tariff!
When it comes to gas, there is less you can do other than check you are on the correct tariff. Find out what you use per annum (in kWh). Then go to the Bord Gais website and find out which tariff you should be on, depending on which usage category you fall into. Although you are entitled to procure gas competitively, unless you are a very large gas user you are unlikely to find anyone other than Bord Gais that will supply you. If you are not sure if you are a "large" gas user, then chances are that you aren't!
How to manage and conserve your energy usage
There are many ways of monitoring and managing your energy. This is a specialist area and at Cost Control we have partnered with PowerTherm Solutions Ltd. They are experts at auditing your current usage and in implementing systems to save you massive amounts on future energy requirements.
Together with a suitable cost control company and energy management specialist, you can seriously reduce your energy bills, so that you can focus on growing your bottom line in your own areas of expertise.
If you would like to find out whether or not your company would be in a position to dramatically reduce its energy's cost and expenses, why not contact us for a no obligation meeting.
All of the above can be quickly established by Cost Control & Management Services' energy expert. Why not give us a call today.
About the team at Cost Control.
Cost Control Management Systems, are a team of experts, with over 200 successful cost reduction projects between them. The team, are quickly able to spot if there is money saving potential, in any of the cost categories , that your company may feel they are overspending on. Either fill in our web form at http://www.costcontrol.ie or call us now on.
Cost Control Management Systems, are a team of experts, with over 200 successful cost reduction projects between them. The team, are quickly able to spot if there is money saving potential, in any of the cost categories , that your company may feel they are overspending on. Either fill in our web form at http://www.costcontrol.ie or call us now on.
THE UNIQUE ROLE OF WIND TURBINE STEP-UP (WTSU) TRANSFORMERS
Introduction:
Harnessing wind energy to perform work is not a new concept.
Since the earliest of times, wind power has been captured with sails to allow traders,merchants and explorers to ply their trades and discover the world around them.
On land, windmills have been used for irrigation, grinding grains, and performing crude manufacturing for centuries. Even the generation of electricity from wind power is not a new idea. What is new, however, is the scale at which this renewable energy source is being used today.
Early wind generation served a local need, often supplying power for isolated
equipment. Today, wind energy represents nearly 5% of the US electrical generation and is targeted to reach 20% in the foreseeable future.
For this to happen, wind turbine outputs need to be gathered, stepped-up to
transmission levels and passed across the nation’s interconnected power grid to the end users. The role of the Wind Turbine Step-Up (WTSU) transformer in this process is critical and, as such, its design needs to be carefully and thoughtfully analyzed and reevaluated in our view.
Historically this WTSU transformer function has been handled by conventional, “off the shelf” distribution transformers, but the relatively large numbers of recent failures would strongly suggest that WTSU transformer designs need to be made substantially more robust. WTSU transformers are neither conventional “off the shelf” distribution transformers nor are they conventional “off the shelf” power generator step-up transformers. WTSU transformers fall somewhere in between and as such, we believe, require a unique design standard.
Although off-shore wind farms using dry-type transformers are beginning to grow in popularity, for this discussion we will look only at liquid-filled transformers that are normally associated with inland wind farm sites.
Transformer Loading:
Wind turbine output voltages typically range from 480 volts to 690 volts. This turbine output is then delivered to the WTSU transformers and transformed to a collector voltage of 13,800 to 46,000 volts. The turbines are highly dependant upon local climatic conditions; and this dependency can result in yearly average load factor as low as 35%. Both conventional distribution transformers and power generator step-up transformers are typically subjected to more constant loading at, or slightly above, their theoretical maximum rating. This high level of loading stresses insulation thermally and leads to reduced insulation life. On the other hand, the relatively light loading of WTSU transformer has a favorable effect on insulation life but introduces two unique and functionally significant problems with which other types of conventional transformers do not have to deal.
The first problem is that, when lightly loaded or idle, the core losses become a more significant economic factor while the coil or winding losses become less significant and de-emphasized. Typically used price evaluation formulae do not apply to this scenario. NEMA TP1 and DOE efficiencies are not modeled for the operational scenario where average loading is near 30-35% and, consequently, should be cautiously applied when calculating the total cost of ownership for WTSU transformers
The second problem is that the WTSU transformer goes into thermal cycling as a
function of these varying loads. This causes repeated thermal stress on the winding,clamping structure, seals and gaskets. Repeated thermal cycling causes nitrogen gas to be absorbed into the hot oil and then released as the oil cools, forming bubbles within the oil which can migrate into the insulation and windings to create hot spots and partial discharges which can damage insulation. The thermal cycling can also cause accelerated aging of internal and external electrical connections.
These cumulative effects put the WTSU transformer at a higher risk of insulation and dielectric failure than either the typical “off the shelf” distribution transformer or the power generator step-up transformer experiences.
Harmonics and Non-Sinusoidal loads:
Another unique aspect of WTSU transformers is the fact that they are switched in the line with solid state controls to limit the inrush currents. This differs widely from the typical step-up transformer which must be designed to withstand high magnetizinginrush currents which cause core saturation, and in the extreme Ferroresonance.
While potentially aiding in the initial energization, these same electronic controls
contribute damaging harmonic voltage frequencies that, when coupled with the nonsinusoidal wave forms from the wind turbines, cannot be ignored from a heating point of view. Conventional distribution transformers do not typically see non-linear loads that require preventative steps due to harmonic loading. When a rectifier/chopper system is used, the WTSU transformer must be designed for harmonics similar to rectifier transformers, taking the additional loading into consideration as well as providing electrostatic shields to prevent the transfer of harmonic frequencies between the primary and secondary windings, quite dissimilar to conventional distribution transformers.
Transformer sizing and voltage variation:
WTSU transformers are designed such that the voltage is matched to the generator (e.g. wind turbine) output voltage exactly. There is no “designed in” over-voltage capacity to overcome voltage fluctuations, as is typically done on distribution and power transformer designs which allow for up to 10% over-voltage. Further, it should be noted that the generator output current is monitored at millisecond intervals and the generator limited to allow up to 5% over-current for 10 seconds before it is taken off the system. Therefore, the WTSU transformer size ( kVA or MVA) is designed to match the generator output with no overload sizing. Since overload sizing is a common protective practice with “off the shelf” distribution or power step-up generator transformers, the WTSU transformer design must be uniquely robust to function without it.
Requirement to withstand Fault Currents:
Typically, conventional distribution transformers, power transformers, and other types of step-up transformers will “drop out” when subjected to an under-voltage or overcurrent situation caused by a fault. Once the fault has cleared, the distribution transformer is brought back on-line either individually or with it’s local feeder in conjunction with automatic reclosures. Wind turbine generators, on the other hand, in order to maintain network stability are only allowed to disconnect from the system due to network disturbances within certain, carefully controlled network guidelines developed for generating plants. Depending upon the specific network regulations, the length of time the generator is required to stay on line can vary. During this time the generator will continue to deliver an abnormally low voltage to the WTSU transformer.Therefore, during near-to generator faults, the generator may be required to carry as low as 15% rated voltage for a few cycles and then ramp back up to full volts a few seconds after fault clearing. This means that the WTSU transformer must be uniquely designed with enough “ruggedness” to withstand full short circuit current during the initial few cycles when the maximum mechanical forces are exerted upon the WTSU transformer windings.
Since wind turbines must stay connected during disturbances in the network, the WTSU transformers must be designed to withstand the full mechanical effects of short circuits.
Conclusions:
The role of WTSU transformers in today’s wind generation scheme is unique; it’s design must be equally unique and robust. The combination of wide variations in loading; harmonic loads from associated control electronics and generators; sizing without protection for over-voltages, under-voltages or over-loading; and the requirement to “ride through” transient events and faults sets the WTSU apart from it’s more conventional, “off the shelf” counterparts. It is neither a conventional distribution transformer nor is it a conventional generator step-up transformer.
“Off the shelf” . . . doesn’t belong . . . “down on the farm”!
About the Author
Mike Dikinsin is a contributing author for pacific crest transformers.
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